Nobel Peace Prize-winner, uncompromising foe of apartheid and a modern-day activist for racial justice and LGBT rights, Desmon Tutu December has been called "South Africa’s moral conscience", "an inspiration to generations" and "a patriot without equal". He was a South African Anglican bishop and theologian, known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist. He was Bishop of Johannesburg from 1985 to 1986 and then Archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1996, in both cases being the first black African to hold the position. Desmond Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa.